One-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test

When to consider it

• Test a symmetric one-sample location against a reference using signed ranks.

Assumptions and scope

• Independent observations and a meaningful symmetric distribution of differences about the reference; zeros and ties affect inference.

Required inputs

• Observations or differences — Numeric observations; preserve the row and column structure described above.
• Reference location — Enter the method parameter described above.

Review missing values and data coding before running. Sample inputs are synthetic teaching examples.

Implementation

Two-sided signed-rank test of observations minus a reference location. Independent observations and a symmetric difference distribution required for a location interpretation. Zeros are omitted; ties affect inference. Synthetic example: 40 independent simulated changes in outcome units; no patient records.

• scipy 1.15.3: scipy.stats.wilcoxon

These are pinned library versions; saved results record the versions actually used at runtime.

Library references

• SciPy statistical methods
• statsmodels models and statistical tests
• scikit-learn clustering
• lifelines survival comparisons