Target trial specification
Define hypothetical trial and estimands
Specify the hypothetical trial before looking for convenient proxies. Separate its assignment mechanism from observed treatment choice, and name the causal contrast rather than assuming every comparison estimates an intention-to-treat effect.
Flow diagram
Steps
Define causal question
Specify treatment strategies and clinically meaningful contrast.
Define target eligibility and time zero
Align eligibility assessment, assignment and follow-up start.
Specify hypothetical assignment
Specify how the hypothetical trial would assign strategies, then state how observed treatment choice will be used in the emulation. Observational data do not supply randomization.
Specify follow-up and estimands
Define outcomes, intercurrent events, treatment-policy or adherence effects and summary measure.
Specify target analysis
Record the target analysis before mapping to observed sources.
Target trial specification
End flow
Tables and supporting information
Target protocol
Keep hypothetical trial requirements distinct from implementable data definitions.
Assumptions and rationale
The target trial is hypothetical; observational data do not acquire randomization by adopting trial terminology.
Method and protocol evidence
Attach the protocol, methodological sources and versioned software specification supporting these decisions. Record citations and provenance; do not enter participant identifiers.